An academic transcript – the infamous permanent record – looms over the life of every college student. Items recorded there play an outsize role in shaping the student experience. By auditing degree requirements and counting up accumulated credit hours, transcripts guide course selection. By calculating grade point average to the third decimal place, transcripts help…

What does it mean to personalize education? Here at the University of Michigan, we are busy educating more than 28,000 full-time undergraduate students. Every single one has a unique background, current state, and set of interests and goals. These factors evolve constantly from admission to graduation. To educate each of these students well, we must…